独立主格8种基本句型:名词/代词+现在分词;名词/代词+过去分词;名词/代词+不定式等。
名词/代词+现在分词:
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.
那人躺在那里,双手颤抖。
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So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
由于许多学生缺席,会议不得不推迟。
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
作业做完后,汤姆就睡着了。
注:“独立结构”中的being或 having been有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
名词/代词+过去分词:
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
男孩仰面躺着,双手交叉放在头下。
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
工作还没做完,我们就看不到电影了。
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。
名词/代词+不定式:
不定式表示的是将来的`动作。
例:He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
他建议去野餐,由玛丽提供食物。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.
这是前两本书,第三本下个月出版。
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行) to start moving at 8 sharp.
我们七点半集合,游行队伍(游行) 八点整开始移动。
名词/代词+名词:
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
许多人参加了这项工作,其中有些是妇女和儿童。
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.
他与老虎搏斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
名词/代词+形容词短语:
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
例:The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
地板又湿又滑,我们不得不在外面呆一会儿。
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorry.
我听说她在事故中受伤了,心里充满了遗憾。
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。
名词/代词+副词:
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
例:The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束后,我们都回家了。
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.
没人在,他在黑板上留言了。
He sat at the table, head down.
他低着头坐在桌边。
名词/代词+介词短语:
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。
例:The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
老师进来了,腋下夹着一本书。
The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.
猎人手里拿着枪进入森林。
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
家里没人,小偷拿走了很多东西。
with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构:
例:A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
一位妇女抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。
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